Objective The application of sprayed waterproof membranes can enable composite action between the shotcrete and the waterproof membrane in metro tunnel linings. However. there is currently no design guidance or reference literature for analyzing waterproof single-layer lining composite structures. A design method is proposed to determine the thickness of the tunnel single-layer lining... https://fitnessgravesyardes.shop/product-category/safety-key-clip/